What is Ginkgo Biloba? What is Ginkgo Biloba Extract or GBE?

Contents

• Botanical Description of Ginkgo Biloba and Characteristics of Ginkgo Biloba Extract.
• What is Water soluble Ginkgo Biloba Extract?
• What is 100% Water Soluble Ginkgo Biloba Extract?
• Ginkgo Biloba - What is it?and How does it work? Archeology of Ginkgo Biloba and narrative history.
• Ginkgo Biloba Benefits:More Key Actions and notable functions in brief,Other Uses of Ginkgo biloba.
• Ginkgo Biloba Material:Medicial parts,Dosage and beneficial quantity.
• Chemical and Physical Properties:Standardized ingredients of GBe.
• Application Guide: Therapeutics and Pharmacology,Cautions of Ginkgo Biloba,Remedy and Traditional Uses.
• Safety and Toxicity of Ginkgo Biloba.
• Ginkgo Biloba Pictures.
• How Search engine think about Ginkgo Biloba.
• Ginkgo Biloba Research Update.
• Photo Gallery of Ginkgo Biloba.

Safety and Toxicity of Ginkgo Biloba.

Acute toxicity(LD50):Ginkgo Biloba

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.mice.7.73 g/kg (This corresponds to 2.3 g/kg of active ingredients, 1.9 g/kg of flavone glycosides, and 464 mg/kg of terpene lactones).
 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.1.1 g/kg.
 Subacute/Subchronic Studies. In rats and mice, orally administered GBE did not produce evidence of organ damage or impairment of hepatic and renal functions when administered over 27 weeks in doses ranging from 100 to 1,600 mg/kg (Salvador, 1995).
 Chronic/Carcinogenicity Studies. No 2-year carcinogenicity studies of GBE were identified in the available literature
 GBE has been a subject of intense research for 20-30 years. Toxicologic studies are underway at the National Toxicology Program. Previous studies reported in the literature indicate little potential for acute toxicity: oral LD50 in mice of 7.73 g/kg (1.9g/kg of flavone glycosides, 464 mg/kg of terpene glycosides), I.V. LD50 1.1g/kg. Evidence of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of quercetin and kaempferol at high doses in some animal species are documented. In rats, radiolabled GBE was concentrated in glandular, neuronal, eye tissues; 38% exhaled, 22% excreted in urine, 29% in feces at 72 hours.
 Reference:NTP (2004): Ginkgo biloba Extract (GBE), National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Accessed: 5/4, http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/cgi/iH_Indexes/ALL_SRCH/iH_ALL_SRCH_Frames.html
 Reference:Moreau J. P., Eck C. R., McCabe J. and Skinner S. (1986): [Absorption, distribution and elimination of a labelled extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves in the rat]. Presse Med. 15(31): 1458-61 [cited in NTP summary].

Acute toxicity(LD50):Component of Ginkgo Biloba

Quercetin.CAS.117-39-5.:

 Acute toxicity(LD50):Quercetin

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.Rodent-rat.161 mg/kg.
 Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:RCTOE4 Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.(Springer-Verlag New York,Inc.,Service Center,44 Hartz Way,Secaucus,NJ07094)V.98-1987-Volume(issue)/page/year:113,47,1990

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.Rodent-mouse.159 mg/kg.
 Toxic Effects:
 Behavioral:somnolence(general depressed activity).
 Behavioral:muscle weakness.
 Lungs,Thorax,or Respiration-respiratory depression.
 Reference:PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.(Academix Press,Inc.,1E.First St.,Duluth,MN55802)V.1-1903/04-Volume(issue)page/year:77,269,1951.


 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.3 gm(3000 mgs)/kg.
 Toxic Effects:
 Behavioral:altered sleep time(including change in righting reflex)
 Behavioral:somnolence (general depressed activity)
 Lungs,Thorax,or Respiration-dyspnea.
 Reference:NYKZAU.40-1944-Volume(issue)/page/year:64,186,1968.

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Subcutaneous.Rodent-mouse.97 mg/kg.
 Toxic Effects:
 Behavioral:muscle weakness.
 Behavioral:somnolence (general depressed activity)
 Lungs,Thorax,or Respiration-respiratory depression.
 Reference:PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.(Academix Press,Inc.,1E.First St.,Duluth,MN55802)V.1-1903/04-Volume(issue)page/year:77,269,1951.

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-mouse.18 mg/kg.
 Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:CSLNX*U.S.Army Armament Research and Development Command,Chemical Systems Laboratory,NIOSH Exchange Chemicals.(Aberdeen Proving Ground,MD21010)Volume(issue)page/year:NX#02589.


 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-rabbit.100 mg/kg.
 Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:FAONAU FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series.(Rome,Italy) No.?-57,1948-77.Discontinued.Volume(issue)page/year:46A,18,1969.

Tumorigenic Data.:Quercetin

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-rat.33610mg/kg/58W-C.
 Toxic Effects:
 Tumorigenic:Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria.
 Gastrointestinal:tumors.
 Kidney,Ureter,Bladder:tumors.
 Reference: CNREA8 Cancer Research.(Public Ledger Building,Suit 816,6th and Chestnut Sts.,Philadelphia,PA19106) V.1-1941-Volume(issue)/page/year:40,3468,1980.

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-mouse.966 mg/kg/23W-C.
 Toxic Effects:
 Tumorigenic:equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria.
 Lungs,Thorax, or Respiration: tumors.
 Reference:GANNA2 Gann.Japanese Journal of Cancer Research.V.1-75,1907-84.For publisher information,see JJCREP.Volume(issue)/page/year:72,327,1981.


 TD-Toxic dose(other than lowest).Oral.Rodent-rat.38235 mg/kg/58W-C.
 Toxic Effects:
 Tumorigenic:Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria.
 Gastrointestinal:tumors.
 Kidney,Ureter,Bladder: tumors.
 Reference:CNREA8 Cancer Research.(Public Ledger Building,Suit 816,6th and Chestnut Sts.,Philadelphia,PA19106) V.1-1941-Volume(issue)/page/year:40,3468,1980.

 TD-Toxic dose(other than lowest).Oral.Rodent-rat.243 mg/kg/3Y-C.

 TD-Toxic dose(other than lowest).Oral.Rodent-rat.487 mg/kg/3Y-C.
 Toxic Effects:
 Tumorigenic:neoplastic by RTECS criteria.
 Liver;tumors.
 Reference:PAACA3 Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research.(Waverly Press,428 E.Preston St.,Baltimore,MD21202)V.1-1954-Volume(issue)/page/year:25,95,1984.

Reproductive Data.:Quercetin

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-rat.20 mg/kg.Sex/Duration:female 6~15 day(s) after conception.
 Toxic Effects:
 Reproductive: effects on Embryo or Fetus-fetotoxicity (except death,e.g,stunted fetus).
 Reference: FCTOD7 Food and chemical Toxicology.(Pergamon Press Inc.,Maxwell House,Fairview Park,Elmsford,NY 10523) V.20-1982-Volume(issue)/page/year:20,75,1982.

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.16 mg/kg.Sex/Duration:male 5 day(s) pre-mating.
 Toxic Effects:
 Reproductive: Paternal Effects,spermatogenesis (incl.genetic material,sperm morphology,motility,and count).
 Reproductive: Paternal Effects, testes,epididymis,sperm duct.
 Reference:ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.(New York,NY)V.1-9,1997-87.For publisher information,see EMMUEG.Volume(issue)/page/year:9,79,1987.

Mutagenic Data.:Quercetin

 Mutation in microorganisms:Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium.8 nmol/plate.
 Reference:EMMUEG Environmental and Moleculat Mutagenesis.(Alan R.Liss,Inc.,41 E.11th St.,New York,NY 10003) V.10-1987-Volume(issue)/page/year:11,315,1988

 Mutation test systems-not otherwise specified.:Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium. 100 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:192,239,1987

 Mutation test systems-not otherwise specified.:Bacteria-Escherichia coli. 4 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:187,55,1987

 DNA repair.Bacteria-Escherichia coli. 16 ug/well.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:133,161,1984

 Phage inhibition capacity.Bacteria-Escherichia coli. 12500 ng/well.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:260,349,1991

 Gene conversion and mitotic recombination.Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2 mg/plate.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:58,231,1978

 Micronucleus test.Human Lymphocyte. 3 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:343,85,1995


 DNA Damage.Human Liver.600 umol/L.
 DNA Damage.Human Lymphocyte.100 umol/L.
 DNA Damage.Human HeLa cell.400 umol/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:390,141,1997

 DNA inhibition.Human Fibroblast.50 mg/L.
 Mutation test system-not otherwise specified.Human Fibroblast.200 mg/L.
 Reference:BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology.(Pergamon Press Inc.,Maxwell House,Fairview Park,Elmsford,NY 10523) V.1-1958-Volume(issue)/page/year:33,3823,1984.

 Cytogenetic analysis.Human Fibroblast.5 mg/L.
 Cytogenetic analysis.Human Lymphocyte.10 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Human Fibroblast.1 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Human Lymphocyte.8 mg/L.
 Reference:PJABDW Processings of the Japan Academy,Series B:Physical and Biological Sciences.(Maruzen Co.Ltd.,POB 5050,Tokyo International,Tokyo 100-31,JP)V.53-1977-Volume(issue)/page/year:56,443,1980
 Mutation in mammalian somatic cells.Human Embryo.3 mg/L.
 Reference:KIKNAJ Kokuritsu Idengaku Kenkyusho Nenpo.Annual Report of the National Institute of Genetics.(Kokuritsu Idengaku Kenkyusho,1111 Yata,Mishima,Shizuoka-ken 411,JP)No.1-1949-Volume(issue)/page/year:(32),51,1981.
 DNA Damage.Rodent-rat Liver.20 umol/L.
 Reference:CALEDQ Cancer Letters(Shannon,Ireland).(Elsevier Scientific Pub.Ireland Ltd.,POB 85,Limerick,Ireland) V.1-Volume(issue)page/year:58,75,1991.
 Body fluid assay.Rodent-rat Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium.500 mg/kg.
 Reference:FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology.(Pergamon Press Inc.,Maxwell House,Fairview Park,Elmsford,NY 10523) V.20-1982-Volume(issue)/page/year:25,9,1987.


 Micronucleus test.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.200 mg/kg.
 Micronucleus in microorganisms.Rodent-mouse Lymphocyte.20 mg/L.
 Morphological transformation.Rodent-mouse Lymphocyte.10 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:89,69,1981;88,317,1981.

 Morphological transformation.Rodent-mouse Embryo.25 mg/L.
 Reference:JJCREP(Elsevier Science Pub.BV,POB 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,Netherlands)V.76-1985-Volume(issue)/page/year: 78,819,1987.

 DNA Damage.Rodent-mouse Lymphocyte.10 mg/L.
 Mutation in mammalian somatic cells.Rodent-mouse Lymphocyte.20 mg/L.
 Sperm Morphology.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.16 mg/kg/5D(continuous).
 Micronucleus test.Oral.Rodent-hamster.1 gm(1000 mgs)/kg.
 Micronucleus test.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-hamster. 33 mg/kg.
 Cytogenetic analysis.Rodent-hamster Ovary.9 mg/L.
 Mutation in mammalian somatic cells.Rodent-hamster Ovary.9 mg/L.
 Reference:ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis.(New York,NY)V.1-9,1979-87.For publisher information,see EMMUEG.Volume(issue)/page/year:88,317,1981;2,230,1980;9,79,1987;2,231,1980;343,85,1995;2,231,1980;


 Micronucleus test.Rodent-hamster Lung.3 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Rodent-hamster Ovary.15 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,Netherlands)V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year: 343,85,1995;113,45,1983.

 Mutation in microorganisms.Rodent-hamster Lung.50 mg/L.
 Mutation in mammalian somatic cells.Rodent-hamster Lung. 20 mg/L.
 Reference:GANNA2 Gann.V.1-75,1907-84.For publisher information,see JJCREP.Volume(issue)/page/year:70,273,1979.

 Morphological transformation.Rodent-hamster Embryo.5 mg/L.
 Reference:TOLED5 Toxicology Letters.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000AE Amsterdam,Netherlands) V.1-1977-Volume(issue)/page/year:1,175,1977.

 Cytogenetic analysis.Rodent-hamster Fibroblast.1 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Rodent-hamster Fibroblast.5 mg/L.
 Reference:PJABDW,Series B:Physical and Biological Sciences.V.53-1977-Volume(issue)/page/year:56,443,1980

 Mutation test systems-not otherwise specified.Mammal-cattle Cells.not otherwise specified.5 umol/L.
 DNA inhibition.Mammal-cattle Cells.not otherwise specified.12 umol/L.
 Reference:EXPEAM Experientia.(Birkhaeuser Verlag,POB 133,CH-4010 Basel,Switzerland)V.1-1945-Volume(issue)/page/year:44,882,1988

Kaempferol.CAS.520-18-3.:

Mutagenic Data.:Kaempferol.

 Mutation in microorganisms.Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium.166 nmol/plate.
 DNA adduct.Bacteria-Escherichia coli. 100 umol/L.
 Micronucleus test.Human Lymphocyte.10 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Human Lymphocyte.20 mg/L.
 Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction.Human Lymphocyte. 20 mg/L.
 Micronucleus test.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.200 mg/kg.
 Cytogenetic analysis.Rodent-hamster Ovary. 25 mg/L.
 Sister chromatid exchange.Rodent-hamster Ovary.45 mg/L.
 Mutation in mammalian somatic cells.Rodent-hamster Ovary.25 mg/L.
 Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,Netherlands)V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,297,1978;89,95,1981;246,205,1991;89,69,1981;113,45,1983.

 DNA inhibition.Human Fibroblast. 50 mg/L.
 Mutation test systems-not otherwise specified.Human Fibroblast.100 mg/L.
 Reference:BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology.(Pergamon Press Inc.,Maxwell House,Fairview Park,Elmsford,NY 10523)V.1-1958-Volume(issue)/page/year:33,3823,1984.

General Info:Kaempferol.

 IARC Cancer Review:animal Inadequate Evidence.
 IARC Cancer Review: Human No Adequate Data.
 IARC Cancer Review: Group 3
 Reference:IMSUDL IARC Monographs,Supplement.(WHO Publications Centre USA,49 Sheridan Ave.,Albany,NY 12210)No.1-1979-Volume(issue)/page/year:31,171,1983;7,56,1987

Isorhamnetin.CAS.480-19-3.:

Acute toxicity(LD50):

 LD50: Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-rat.11100 mg/kg.
 Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:NIIRDN Drugs in Japan(Ethical Drugs).Volume(issue)/page/year:6,63,1982.

 Mutagenic Data.: Mutation in microorganisms.
 Test Systems:Bacteria-Salmonella typhimurium. Dose/Period:1 mg/plate.
 Reference:JOPHDQ Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics.V.1-1978-Volume(issue)/page/year:3,236,1980.

Reference:

• What is Ginkgo Biloba? What is Ginkgo Biloba Extract or GBE?

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:08th,Oct.2010.