What is Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill. extracts? What is Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. extracts?

Contents

• Genus,Species:Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera.
• Origin of Schisandra Fruit.
• Historical or traditional use of Schisandra.
• Common Uses and Research Application of Schisandra related products.
• Phytochemicals and Constituents of Schisandra Fruit.
• How much is usually taken?Suggestions of Schisandra.
• Indications and Combinations of Schisandra.
• Scientific Studies of Schisandra.
• Physiology of Schisandra.
• How Search engine think about Schisandra.
• Research Update of Schisandra.
• Photo Gallery of Schisandra.

Phytochemicals and Constituents of Schisandra Fruit.:

The major active compounds in schisandra are lignans (schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin, gomisins, and pregomisin) found in the seeds of the fruit. Modern Chinese research suggests these lignans have a protective effect on the liver and an immuno-modulating effect. At least two human studies in China, one controlled and the other open, have shown that schisandra can help people with hepatitis. Standardized extracts of schisandra fruits have gained popularity for use in racehorses not running well in relation to elevated liver enzyme levels in their blood; further supporting their beneficial effect on the liver. Part of how schisandra lignans appear to protect the liver is by activating the enzymes in liver cells that produce glutathione, an important antioxidant substance.

 Lignans also interfere with platelet activating factor, a chemical that promotes inflammation in a number of conditions.

 Schisandra fruit may also have an adaptogenic and immuno-modulating action, much like the herb Asian ginseng, but with weaker effects. Laboratory work suggests that schisandra may improve work performance, build strength, and help to reduce fatigue.

 Main Content: gamma-schisandrin,C23H28O6;(0.286%~0.317);schisandrol,C24H32O7,(2.24%~9.87%for Schisandra Chinesis,0.004%~0.790% for Schisandra sphenanthera); schisanhenol,C23H30O6,(0.021%~0.41%for Schisandra Chinesis,0.068%~7.57% for Schisandra sphenanthera);schisandrol B,C22H30O7;etc.


 Phytochemicals of SCHIZANDRA - Schisandra chinensis (TURCZ.) BAILL. (Schisandraceae):

 Phytochemicals(Plant part):

 Fruit:Angeloylgomisin-O,Angeloylgomisin-P, Angeloylgomisin-Q,Angeloylgomisin-O,Argolic Acid,BenzoylisoGomisin-O,Beta Carotene,Chamigrenal,D-Alpha-Ylangene,Epigomisin-O,Gamma-Schizandrin,Gomisin-A,Gomisin-B,Gomisin-C,Gomisin-D,Gomisin-E,Gomisin-F,Gomisin-G,Gomisin-H,Gomisin-J,Gomisin-K-1,Gomisin-K-2,Gomisin-K-3,Gomisin-L-1,Gomisin-L-2,Gomisin-M-1,Gomisin-M-2,Gomisin-N,Gomisin-O, Gomisin-R.,Niacin,PreGomisin,Riboflavin,Schisantherin-D,Sesquicarene,Thiamin,Tigloylgomisin-P,Wuweizisu-C.

 Other Phytochemicals: schisandrin;schisandrol;deoxyschisandrin;pseudo-gama-schisandrin;gomisin A;gomisin B;gomisin C;gomisin G;gomisin H;angeloylgomisin H;tigloygomisin H; benzoylgomisin H; gomisin E;gomisin N; gomisin O; epigomisin O; angeloylgomisin Q;gomisin D; pregomisin; gomisin J;(-)-gomisin K1;(+)-gomisin K2;(+)-gomisin K3;(+)-gomisin L2;(+-)gomisin M1;(+-)-gomisin M2;tigloygomisin P; angeloygomisin P;angeloylgomisin O;angeloyisogomisin O; benzoylisogomisin O; isoschisandrin; gomisin R; gomisin S; gomisin T;benzoylgomisin Q;benzoylgomisin P;benzoylgomisin U;gomisin U;neoschizarrin; meso-dihydrguaiaretic acid.


 Schisandra Chinesis also contain: chisantherin A;chisantherin B;chisantherin C;chisantherin D; chisantherin E; wuweizi C.

 Content in Volatile Oil:alfa-pinene;camphene;beta-pinene;myrcene;alfa-terpinene;limonene;terpinene;p-cymene; thymol methyl ether; bornyl acetate; citronellyl acetate; linalool; terpinene-4-ol;alfa-terpineol; geraniol; borneol; citronellol; benzoicacid;beta-elemene;alfa-ylangene;cuparene; sesquicarene;beta-chamigrene;alfa-chamigrene;shamigrenol;beta-bisabolene;ethyl benzylether;alfa-santalene; clovene;beta-caryophyllene;beta-selinene; thyjopsense;santalol;alpha-santalol; nonylphenol;2-(p0cyclohexyl-phenoxy)ethanol; 1-methyl-4-methylethenylcyclohexene; phenyl-2-propanone; isolongifolene,etc.
 


 Monograph on Schisandra:

 Schisandra is native to East Asia, growing on slopes or along river banks. It is also cultivated in China, Korea and Europe. Fruits are collected when ripe and are sun-dried. They can be traded without further processing or can be subjected to extraction. Adulteration or substitution with S. sphenanthera or any of 13 other Schisandra species has been documented; other reported substitutes include: Kad-sura longipendunculata, K. japonica, Eunonymus spp. and Vitis spp.

 The active ingredients most thoroughly researched are the approximately 40 lignans derived from the seed oil. These include pregomisin, nordihydroguairetic acid and meso-nordihydroguairetic acid. Chinese medicine also considers the organic acids of therapeutic importance. The primary lignans are schizandrol A and B, schisandrin A and B, schisantherin A and B, and gominsin N. The nomenclature for these com-pounds has not been standardized and the same compound can have different names. The monograph tabulates the various names used for each lignin in various literature sources.

 Researchers from various countries tend to agree that S. chinensis contains the high-est concentration of lignans among the 25 species in the genus, though reported concentrations of both total and individual lignans vary. This may be due to natural variation in populations from different countries. Analysis of the seed oil yields 47 different compounds, including the monoterpenes borneol, 1,8-cineol, citral, p-cymol, a- and ao-pinene, and the sesquiterpenes sesquicarene, ylangene, chamigrenal, and a- and ao-chamigrene. Lipids include linoleic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, lauric acid and plamitic acid. The scent of the oil includes camphorus, woody, spicy and sour elements. Compounds found in the fruit flesh include: citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, vitamins A, C and E, fumaric acid, stigmasterol and resins.

 Various analytical methods have been developed for schisandra. The authors caution that because reference standards are confusingly named and of varying purity, addi-tional analytical work is required to verify the nature of the standards. Since schisan-drol A and B are found only in S. chinensis, these compounds are used to distinguish it from S. sphenanthera. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) using a sulfuric acid reagent is used for qualitative analysis. A detailed protocol for TLC analysis, along with pic-tures and explanations of TLC plates from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera viewed under visible and UV light is provided in the monograph. For quantitative analysis, an HPLC method reproduced from the Chinese Drug Monographs and Analysis is pre-sented. HPLC traces of fingerprints for S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera also are included.
 


 Phytochemical info of Schisandra Extract:Schisandrins

 Product Name:Schisandra Fruit Extract. Schisandrins
 Synonym:Schisandrins
 Definition:Schisandrins from Schisandra Fruit Extract are Lignans majorly composed of Schizandrin A, Schizandrin B, Schizandrol A, Gomisin A, Schisantherin A.
 Chemical information disclosed as following table:

Phytochemical Name:	Schizandrin A.	Schizandrin B.	Schizandrol A.	Gomisin A.	Schisantherin A.
Molecular Photo:
M.F.and M.W:	C24H32O6. 416.514	C23H28O6. 400.189	C24H32O7. 432.513	C23H28O7. 416.470	C30H32O9. 536.205
Synonyms:	Deoxyschisandrin	Gamma-schisandrin Deoxygomisin A.	Schizandrin	Schizandrol B	Gomisin C
CAS.No.:	61281-38-7	61281-37-6	7432-28-2	58546-54-6	58546-56-8

Schisandra 12 Major compounds:

 12 compounds were obtained and identified as wuweizisu C (1), ganwuweizic acid (2), nigranoic acid (3), catechin (4), 2 alpha,24-dihytroxyursolic acid. (5), 3 beta-O-acetylursolic acid (6), ursolic acid (7), slyceryl 26-hydroxyhexacosanoate (8), slyceryl hexacosanoate (9), fat acids (10), beta-sitosterol (11), daucosterol (12), respectirely.

Reference:

• What is Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill. extracts? What is Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. extracts?

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:08th,Oct.2010.