Silymarin.Milk Thistle and applications.
Contents
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- Botanical Basic Data of Milk Thistle.
- Phytochemicals of milk thistle.
- History of Silymarin and foundation.
- Modern Application and function of Silymarin and silybin.
- Dosage and Administration.
- Milk Thistle:Pharmacology.
- The Awesome Power of the Milk Thistle.
- How Search engine think about Milk Thistle.
- Research Update of Silybum Marianum.Silymarin
- Photo Gallery of Silybum marianum.
Dosage and Administration.:
1.Unless otherwise prescribed:
12.5 g per day of powdered seed for making infusions and other galenical formulations to be taken by mouth. Formulations (e.g., dry extract noted below) equivalent to 200 mg per day of silymarin, calculated as silibinin.
Standard Milk Thistle dosage:Most clinical trials have used daily dosages of 420 to 480 mg silymarin, divided into two or three doses daily. Until the specific effects of each of the flavonolignans is known and products are available that contain standardized ratios of these components, the optimal dosage will remain unknown. Table 1 outlines the efficacy, safety, tolerability, dosage, and cost of milk thistle.
Milk thistle seed extract, 150- to 175-mg capsule, standardized to 80 percent silymarin, three times daily.Ultrathistle (seed extract bound to phosphatidylcholine), 360-mg capsule, three times daily
2.For liver diseases:
Dry extract 40:1 (w/w), 70% silymarin: Swallow one capsule containing 100 mg of silymarin, twice daily in the morning and evening. Swallow with sufficient amounts of fluid; or, take one capsule containing approximately 140 mg of silymarin, two to three times daily.
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3.For digestive disorders:
Decoction:Place approximately 3.0 g seed in 150 ml cold water, bring to a boil and simmer for 20 to 30 minutes, three to four times daily.
Infusion:Steep approximately 3.5 g seed in 150 ml boiled water for 10 to 15 minutes, three to four times daily one half-hour before meals.
Note:Silymarin is poorly soluble in water; teas have been analyzed with only about 10% of the original levels of silymarin from the fruits. Thus, for hepatic benefits, the concentrated extract is recommended.
Tincture:15 drops, four to five times daily; 1 ml, three times daily.
No severe side effects have been reported from taking milk thistle. Doses greater than 2500 mg (2.5 grams) per day have been reported to have a slight laxative effect, however.
Occasionally, individuals taking milk thistle have reported: Abdominal bloating,Diarrhea,Gas,Loss of appetite,Nausea,Stomach upset
4.Typical suggestions:
Daily protection dosage:for daily protection dosage,200mgs silymarin daily can be good for prevention and keep health.
Liver improve dosage:for person with damaged liver or liver index higher and need improve, or persons with habit of alcohol drinking, 420mgs Silymarin daily enough for improve and treatment.
Liver Patient dosage:for patient with hepatocirrhosis,hepatitis,liver tumor or liver index double times of normal data,normally suggest taken 600mgs daily for treatment,2~3times daily, same time cooperate with docter care and liver test for further treatment.
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Dosage period:Silymarin for liver protection resulted in 2 to 3 months,so patients or takeners should be a little patient.
Interactions:Milk thistle may interfere with the effects of estrogen replacement therapy and oral contraceptives due to its possible estrogenic effects. The effectiveness of drugs that are broken down by the same enzymes that break down milk thistle may also be affected. If you take prescription medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist about possible interactions before you begin to take milk thistle.
Properties:Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, hepaprotective, immunostimulating, possibly estrogenic
Hepato-protective: Protects liver cells from incoming toxins, thereby also allowing it to more effectively process and release toxins that are already built up in the system.
Hepato-tonic: Strengthens the liver to function more effectively.
Anti-depressant: By helping to move stagnant liver energy.
Demulcent: Soothes and moistens. For both kidney and bladder irritations, as well as mucous membranes and inflammations of the skin and integumentary system.
Laxative: Mildly lubricates the bowels.
Indicated for:Alcoholic hepatitis, alcoholic fatty liver, cirrhosis, liver poisoning and viral hepatitis. alcoholic fatty liver, liver poisoning. It can benefits adrenal disorders and inflammatory bowel syndrome. Psoriasis. Lowering cholesterol. Protecting the liver when taking strong drugs or medicine. Candida. Food allergies.
Apply Scope:for people suffering from liver disease,liver weak;patiens of hepatocirrhosis,hepatitis,liver tumor; patients with cholecystitis and icterus; persons with alcohol drinking habit and irregular rest shedules; persons working in circumstance contaminated.
Interactions:There are no reported negative interactions between milk thistle and other medications and herbs, although certain drugs with the same therapeutic properties as milk thistle may enhance the effect of the herb. Again, individuals should consult their healthcare provider if they are taking other medications concurrently with milk thistle.
Precautions:
Individuals who suspect they have a liver disorder should always seek care from a healthcare professional.
Milk thistle should always be obtained from a reputable source that observes stringent quality control procedures and industry-accepted good manufacturing practices. Consumers should look for the designations "U.S.P." (U.S. Pharmacopeia) or "NF" (National Formulary) on milk thistle labeling. Herbal preparations prepared under USP or NF guidelines meet nationally recognized strength, quality, purity, packaging, and labeling standards as recommended by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Botanical supplements are regulated by the FDA; however, they currently do not have to undergo any approval process before reaching the consumer market, and are classified as nutritional supplements rather than drugs. Legislation known as the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) was passed in 1994 in an effort to standardize the manufacture, labeling, composition, and safety of botanicals and supplements, and in January 2000, the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) announced a 10-year plan for establishing and implementing these regulations by the year 2010.
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Side Effects and Cautions:
In clinical trials, milk thistle generally has few side effects. Occasionally, people report a laxative effect, upset stomach, diarrhea, and bloating.Milk thistle can produce allergic reactions, which tend to be more common among people who are allergic to plants in the same family (for example, ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigold, and daisy). It is important to inform your health care providers about any herb or dietary supplement you are using, including milk thistle. This helps to ensure safe and coordinated care.
There are no known contra-indications to Milk Thistle supplements. There is, however, a caution for HIV patients, because many medications taken by individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) - such as protease inhibitors and non-nukes are processed by the liver enzyme CYP3A4 which is decreased by Silymarin. If Milk Thistle is taken by someone using protease inhibitors or non-nukes, it has the potential to raise levels of these drugs. This should not be a concern as long as levels of these drugs are monitored closely and dosage is adjusted to reach the desired levels.
Milk thistle may cause mild nausea and diarrhea, or loose stools. The herb may also cause an allergic reaction in some individuals, particularly those with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae family (thistles, daisies, artichokes). No other widely reported side effects are known when milk thistle is taken in proper therapeutic dosages. However, people with chronic medical conditions should consult with their healthcare professionals before taking the herb.
Women with hormone-dependent conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and cancers of the breast, ovaries, or uterus should not take or use milk thistle plant extract due to its possible estrogenic effects. Men who have prostate cancer should not take milk thistle without the approval of a doctor.Do not use in patients with allergies to members of the aster family.
Adverse effect:Generally well tolerated; infrequent reports of gastrointestinal disturbances; rare reports of pruritus, eczema, rash, and anaphylaxis*
Pregnancy:Milk thistle is considered safe to use during pregnancy and in women who breastfeed. However, there are currently no long-term studies on use of the herb during pregnancy or lactation. A woman should speak with her healthcare practitioner before taking any herbs and/or medications during pregnancy.
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Safety and Acute toxicity:
Silybin
Chemical name: 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-2-(2,3-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-,(2R-(2-alpha,3beta,6(2R*,3R*)))-
CAS No.: 22888-70-6. Molecular Formula:C25-H22-O10. Molecular Weight:482.47
Synonmys: 7C3MT,Flavobin,Flavobin Spofa,Silibinin,Silliver,Silybin,Silybine,Silymarine I,Silymarin I.
Acute toxicity(LD50):Silybin
LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill. Intravenous.Rodent-mouse. 1056mg/kg.
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
LDLo-lowest published lethal dose. Unreported.Rodent-rabbit.300mg/kg.
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
Reference: YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao.Bulletin of Pharmacology.(China International Book Trading Corp.,POB 2820,Beijing.Peop.Rep.China)V.13-23,1978-88.For publisher information,see ZYZAEU.Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,404,1983.
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Silymarin
Acute toxicity(LD50):Silymarin
LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill. Intravenous.Rodent-mouse.>1600 mg/kg.
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
Reference: GWXXBX German Offenlegungsschrift Patent Document.(U.S.Patent and Trademark Office,Foreign Patents,Washington,DC 20231)Volume(issue)/page/year:#2423725
The acute toxicity of silymarin and silybin were investigated by oral and intravenous route in various animal species. No mortality or any signs of adverse effects were observed after silymarin at oral doses of 20 g/kg in mice and 1g/kg in dogs. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) after intravenous infusion values are 400 mg/kg in mice, 385 mg/kg in rats and 140 mg/kg in rabbits and dogs. These data demonstrate that the acute toxicity of silymarin is very low. Similarly, its subacute and chronic toxicity are very low; the compound is also devoid of embryotoxic potential.
Reference:Silibinin from answers.com
Mutagenic Data.:Silymarin
DNA Damage.Human HeLa cell.400 umol/L.
DNA Damage.Human Lymphocyte.1 mmol/L.
Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB 211,1000 AE Amsterdam,Netherlands)V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:390,141,1997.
Mutation test systems-not otherwise specified.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-rat.200 mg/kg.
Reference:RCOCBB Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology.(PJD Pub.Ltd.,P.O.Box 966,Westbury,NY 11590)V.1-1970-Volume(issue)/page/year:61,273,1988.
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Reference:
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- Silymarin.Milk Thistle and applications.
Article Information:
♥The article and literature was edited by herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional.It runs a range of online descriptions about the titled herb and related phytochemicals,including comprehensive information related,summarized updating discoveries from findings of herbalists and clinical scientists from this field.The electronic data information published at our official website www.mdidea.com and www.mdidea.net,we tried best to update it to latest and exact as possible.
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