Cassia Angustifolia and Cassia Acutifolia,the Cassia senna spectrum stepped from the ancient Arabic sena.
Contents
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- Basic Botanical Data of Cassia Senna.
- Origin of Senna.
- History and Name Origin:the Arabic sena.
- Cassia Senna Historical or traditional use.
- Phytochemicals and constituents of Cassia Senna.
- Actions and Application of Cassia Senna.
- Caution,Precaution,Pharmacology and Medical use Cassia Senna.
- Cassia Senna:Short description of process and Grade Standard.
- Preparations,Dosage and Administration of Cassia Senna.
- Research Update:Cassia Angustifolia.
Caution,Precaution,Pharmacology and Medical use Cassia Senna.:
Caution:It can cause nausea and griping pains when used alone but the effects of this can be counterbalanced by using Cardamon, Cinnamon, Cloves, Fennel, Ginger, or any other aromatic herb with it. The pods have less griping effect than the leaflets.
Precaution:chronic gastrointestinal conditions,colic,colitis,dehydration,hemorrhoids,inflammation of the alimentary canal,prolapsus,spastic colon,ulcers,during pregnancy and lactation,for prolonged periods to avoid the bowel becoming dependent
Intestinal obstruction, acute intestinal inflammation, e.g., Crohn's disease, colitis ulcerosa, appendicitis, abdominal pain of unknown origin. Children under 12 years of age.
Medical uses:
Properties: Sweet and bitter in flavor, cold in nature, it is related to the large intestine channel.
Functions: Relieves constipation by removing stagnancy and inducing purgation.
Besides being a laxative, senna is used as a febrifuge, in splenic enlargements, anaemia, typhoid, cholera, biliousness, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, tumours, foul breath and bronchitis, and probably in leprosy. It is employed in the treatment of amoebic dysentery as an anthelmintic and as a mild liver stimulant. Leaves are astringent, bitter, sweet, acrid, thermogenic, catharitic, depurative, liver tonic, anthelmintic, cholagogue, expectorant, ferbifuge. Usefull in constipation, abdominal disordes, leprosy, skin disorders, leucoderma, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, dyspepsia, cough, and bronchitis.
The Commission E approved the internal use of senna leaf for constipation.
The World Health Organization (WHO) approves senna leaf for short-term use in occasional constipation (WHO, 1999).
The British Herbal Compendium indicates its use for constipation and conditions in which easy defecation with soft stools is desirable, such as anal fissure or hemorrhoids (Bradley, 1992). ESCOP indicates it for short-term use in cases of occasional constipation (ESCOP, 1997); the German Standard License for senna leaf tea indicates its use for constipation; conditions in which easy bowel evacuation with soft stools is desirable, for example in cases of anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and after recto-anal operations; for bowel clearance before X-ray examinations; and before and after abdominal surgery (Bradley, 1992; Wichtl and Bisset, 1994).
Pharmacology of Cassia Senna:
Pharmacology: Senna leaves and pods have been shown to have laxative activity. It is usefull in habitual constipation. Pharmacological investigations show that sennosides A and B account for the entire activity of the senna leaves and pods.Leaves contain glycosides, sennoside A, B, C and D. Two naphthalene glycosides have been isolated from leaves and pods.
The medicinal action of Senna can be attributed mainly to the anthraquinone glycosides, especially sennoside A and B. It appears that the aglycone portion is responsible for its action. The breakdown of the anthraquinone glycosides in the digestive tract can occur in one of two ways. The bowel flora can directly hydrolyze themin a similar way to that of free active aglycone. Alternatively, in the presence of bile and the sugar moiety, the free aglycone can be absorbed into the blood stream and secreted later into the colon. The final result is stimulation of the Auerbach plexus resulting in increased intestinal muscle contraction. In addition, its mucilage content decreases bodily absorption of fluid leading to an enhancement of the final laxative action.
Remedies:
Purgative, anthchiiintic, antipyretic, cathartic, laxative, vermifuge, diuretic,Dextoxing ,Colon Cleansing, Body Detoxing.
Senna is a powerful cathartic used in the treatment of constipation, working through a stimulation of intestinal peristalsis.
Aid the body in cleannig waste
Promote the excretions of toxins which are thought to contribute to fatigue and general ill-health
The anthraequinones of this herb can inhibit a variety of bacteria (staphylococci and Bacillus Coli) and dermatomyces (Microsporum audouini, etc.).
Alleviate constipation by increasing the amount of water and electrolytes (substances in the blood such as sidium and potassium that help to regulate fluid balance in the body) in the intestine.
Senna leaf is a strong purgative that is commonly used for constipation. It may also be used to detoxify the body, expel worms or act as a diuretic.Senna Leaf is blended with other herbs to make a laxative beverage. We supply the best quality of Senna Leaf extract in China, which is good in shape and free of chemicals.
Laxatives:
Senna extract is an FDA-approved over-the-counter treatment for occasional constipation. Because there is no controversy regarding senna's effectiveness for this purpose, we do not present the supporting evidence here. Rather, we address the concerns that have been raised regarding senna's safety.
Senna contains chemicals in the anthranoid family, such as anthraquinones, anthrones, and dianthrones. Related substances are found in a variety of plants used for laxative purposes, such as cascara sagrada and turkey rhubarb. The mechanism of action of anthranoids, however, is somewhat worrisome: they seem to work primarily by damaging the cells lining the colon. 1 In general, cell damage can be a precursor to cancer, and on this basis concerns have been raised that senna might increase colon cancer risk.
Evaluating this possibility is more difficult than it sounds. The most obvious method is to survey a large population over time, and see whether people who use senna have a higher incidence of colon cancer. However, studies of this type ( observational studies ) are inherently unreliable, because they don't show cause and effect. People with colon cancer or other precancerous conditions may become constipated and take senna, and this would cause a statistical association between use of senna and colon cancer, even if senna did not cause cancer. In any case, the results of such studies have been mixed, and overall the association, if any, does not appear to be strong.
Studies in animals have generally been reassuring, but a few such trials, as well as test-tube studies, have found some evidence of possible increased risk with long-term use.
Senna does have one potential safety advantage over other herbal anthranoid laxatives: its particular anthranoids are not very absorbable. This reduces the potential risk of harm deeper in the body.
Senna leaves for constipation:
Senna leaves are remedies for constipation because of its stool-softening action.
Use it with immature citron or trifoliate orange (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) and official magnolia bark in order to reinforce its actions of relieving constipation by removing stagnancy and causing purgation.
These leaves are cultivated specially in South India.Northern Africa and South Asia have used senna as a laxative for centuries.It was considered as a "cleansing" herb because of its cathartic effect.Senna effectively slims down the body as it flushes out toxins leaving one with a healthy bodily system
Senna leaves are useful for people with hemorroids or anal fissures.it is also recommended following rectal surgery and can be used to clean the bowel.Senna leaves are among the widely used laxatives.Both senna leaves and seeds are medicinal.These leaves constipation by stimulating the colon muscles which help to accelerate the passage of stool.
Sennoside A has a more powerful purgative action than any other anthraquinone and it is more applicable to acute constipation than to chronic constipation. When it stimulates the large intestine to cause purgation, abdominal pain may follow.
Senna leaves have been approved by the W.H.O(World Health Organization) for use in occasional constipation.They are also approved in the U.S and European countries as ingredients in over the counter and prescriptive laxative preparations.
A study in the medical journal "Diseases of the colon and rectum" showed that senna leaves were able to prevent or treat post-operative constipation.
The "South African Medical Journal" shows that treatment with senna leaf was successful in 93%-96% of women suffering from postpartum constipation.
A study published in the medical journal "Pharmacology" suggests that a combination of senna leaves and bulk laxatives can alleviate chronic constipation in geriatric patients.These leaves are considered to be one of the more effective agents for relieving constipation caused by narcotic pain reliever such as morphine.
Clinical studies in the United States and abroad involving various age groups suggest that senna is effective in managing constipation associated with a number of causes including surgery, childbirth, and use of narcotic pain relievers. A study in the medical journal Diseases of the Colon and Rectum showed that senna was able to prevent or treat postoperative constipation after proctologic surgery. The South African Medical Journal shows that treatment with senna was successful in 93%-96% of women suffering from postpartum constipation. By comparison, only 51%-59% of women in the placebo group experienced relief. Senna is considered to be one of the more effective agents for relieving constipation caused by narcotic pain relievers such as morphine. In another study, published in the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, researchers recommended the use of senna in terminal cancer patients with opiate-induced constipation, citing the effectiveness of the herb and its relatively low cost. A study published in the medical journal Pharmacology suggests that a combination of senna and bulk laxatives can alleviate chronic constipation in geriatric patients.
To treat ascites with abdominal distention:
This herb can be soaked alone for drinking or used together with morning glory seed (Semen Pharbitidis) and areca nut shell in order to reinforce the effects of relieving constipation by purgation and inducing diuresis.
Horse Colic:
Senna alexandria seems to be little used in early Veterinary medicine. I am sure this is in no way a reflection of this herb's effectiveness, but just that there were more potent cathartics favored, i.e. the aloes, linseed oil, castor oil, cascara sagrada, and rhubarb (rhei radix). The Senna most used was imported from India and Egypt. Like aloes, its action is centered on the large intestines by stimulating the vascularity of the mucous membrane and causing increased peristalsis. This herb seems most effective when combined with other cathartics. The suggested dose in horses was four to five ounces, from Veterinary Materia Medica and Therapeutics by Winslow.
Reference:
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- 1.Cassia Angustifolia and Cassia Acutifolia,the Cassia senna spectrum stepped from the ancient Arabic sena.
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