Sambucus nigra,Black elder,Elderberry and its narration literature.

Contents

• Basic Botanical Data of Elderberry.
• Plant Parts Introduction of Elderberry.
• Botanical Description of Elderberry.
• Habitat of Elderberry.
• History of Elderberry.
• Chemistry and Pharmacology of Elderberry.
• Phyto-chemicals of Elder Berry.
• Medicinal Constituents of Elderberry.
• Medicinal Uses of Elderberry Plant Part.
• Medicinal Uses of Elderberry.
• Edible Uses of Elderberry.
• Other Uses of Elderberry.
• Magical Uses of Elderberry.
• Therapeutics and Pharmacology of Elderberry.
• Most Common Dosage Standardization.
• Other Application Tips of Elderberry.
• Research Update:Sambucus nigra or Elderberry

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Elderberry.:

Elder flower contains flavonoids (up to 3%) composed mainly of flavonol glycosides (astragalin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and rutin up to 1.9%) and free aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol); minerals (8?%), mainly potassium; phenolic compounds (approx. 3% chlorogenic acid); triterpenes (approx. 1%) including a- and b-amyrin; triterpene acids (approximately 0.85% ursolic and oleanolic acids); sterols (approx. 0.11%); volatile oils (0.03?.3%) composed of approx. 66% free fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and palmitic acids) and approximately 7% alkanes; mucilage; pectin; plastocynin (protein); sugar; tannins (Bradley, 1992; Leung and Foster, 1996; List and Hhammer, 1973!=1979; Newall et al., 1996; Wichtl and Bisset, 1994).

 Diaphoretic and increased bronchial secretion activity reported.
 

 The British Herbal Compendium reported diaphoretic and diuretic actions (Bradley, 1992). The mechanism of action is not fully understood. Its flavonoids and phenolic acids may contribute to the diaphoretic effect (Bradley, 1992). It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and diuretic actions in in vitro studies. The flavonoids and triterpenes appear to be the main biologically active constituents (Newall et al., 1996).
 

 Constituents: Flowers: up to 3% flavonoids (including rutin, isoquercitrine and kaempherol), phenolic acids, triterpenes, triterpene acid, sterols, the hydrocyanic glycoside sambunigrine, traces of semi-solid yellow volatile oil, mucilage and tannins, sugar, 8-9% minerals (especially potassium), small quantity of essential oil (containing palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids). Berries: Invert sugar, fruit acids, pectin, tannin, vitamin C, vitamin A, bioflavonoids, anthrocyanic pigments, traces of essential oil. Leaves: triterpenes, cyanogenetic glycosides (sambunigrin), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin), fats, fatty acids, sugars, alkanes, tannins, vitamins, resins. Bark: phytohaemagglutinins, alkaloid (sambucine), resin, viburnic acid, volatile oil, fat, wax, chlorophyll, tannic acid, gum, starch, pectin
 

 Analytically speaking, the fragrance of elder flowers is very complex. One easily recognizes several notes working together. Headspace analysis has revealed some unusual odorants. The two most important are characterized in the following way by a professional fragrance chemist (Paul Johnson):
 

 Hotrienol: "It has a fine lindenblossom note with aspects of violet leaf and hints of melon."

 Isoleucin methyl ester: "Very powerful and highly pitched odour, curiously displaying a multitude of fragrance notes. The amine-like character is supplemented by orris-like, nut-like, licorice-like and tobacco-like notes with a hint of natural musk undertone"

Reference:

• 1.Sambucus nigra,Black elder,Elderberry and its narration literature.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:18th,Oct.2010.