Turmeric Root or Curcuma Root,Phytochemicals and Applications.

Contents

• Basic Botanical Data and Identification of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Description of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Origin of Curcuma root.
• Curcuma Root Appearance and characters.
• Powdered plant material of Curcuma Root.
• Chemical assays and Phytochemicals of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Medicinal uses of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Experimental pharmacology of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Functions of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Curcuma Root Suggestions and Administrations.
• Literature from Chinese historical sources:Curcuma Root.
• Modern Researches of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.
• Curcuma longa Common Application.
• Dose escalation of a curcuminoid formulation.
• Effect of Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury.
• Quality control including chromatographic fingerprint profiling.
• Research Update:Curcumae Longae.Curcuma longa.

Chemical assays and Phytochemicals of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.:

Not less than 4,0% of volatile oil, and not less than 3,0% of curcuminoids.Qualitative analysis by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative assay for total curcuminoids by spectrophotometric or by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods.

 The curcumas of the ginger family are natives of tropical Asia. Turmeric has been domesticated since old ages for its rhizome, which is important as a colorant and as a spice. The dried and ground rhizome is an essential constituent of curry powder. Moreover, turmeric seems to have many healthful properties and is currently being investigated for possible benefits in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, liver disorders and various infections.

 Sangli, a town in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra, is the largest and most important trading centre for turmeric in Asia.

 In the fresh state, the rootstock has an aromatic and spicy fragrance. The steam distilled essential oil has a warm, spicy, slightly woody aroma. It consists mainly of sesquiterpenes with ar-turmerone and turmerone as major compounds. Curcumin, the main colouring substance, is 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1(E),6(E)-heptadiene-3,5-dione, or diferuloylmethane, also called Natural Yellow. It is not light fast.


 Major chemical constituents:

 Curcumin,C₂₁H₂₀O₆,0.556%~2.03%

 Pale yellow to orange-yellow volatile oil (6%) composed of a number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including zingiberene, curcumene, a- and ? turmerone among others. The colouring principles (5%) are curcuminoids, 50-60% of which are a mixture of curcumin, monodesmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin. Representative structures of curcuminoids are presented below.

 Ar-turmerone, turmerone and curcumin:
 

 Constituents:An acrid, volatile oil, brown colouring matter, gum, starch, chloride of calcium, woody fibre and a yellowish colouring matter named curcumin; this is obtained by digesting tumeric in boiling alcohol, filtering and evaporating the solution to dryness, the residue being digested in ether, filtered and evaporated.


 Other Phytochemicals:

 1,8-cineole, 2-bornanol, 2-hydroxy-methyl-anthraquinone,4-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one;4-methoxy-5-hydroxybiosabola;4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-(Feruloyl)-methane, Alpha-atlantone, Alpha-pinene, Alpha-terpineol, Ar-turmerone, Arabinose, Ascorbic-acid, Ash, Azulene, Beta-carotene, Beta-pinene, Beta-sesquiphellandrene, Bis-(Para-hydroxy-cinnamoyl)-methane, Bis-desmethoxycurcumin, Bisabolene,Bixin,Borneol, Boron, Caffeic-acid, Calcium, Caprylic-acid, Caryophyllene, Chromium, Cineole, Cinnamic-acid, Cobalt, Copper, Cuminyl-alcohol, Curcumene, Curcumenol, Curcumin, Curdione,Curcumenone;Curlone, Curzerenone, Curzerenone-c, Cyclo-isoprenemyrcene, D-alpha-phellandrene, D-camphene, D-camphor, D-sabinene, Dehydroturmerone,Dehydrocurdione;Desmethoxycurcumin, Di-p-coumaroyl-methane, Dicinnamoylmethane, Didesmethoxycurcumin, Diferuloyl-methane, Dihydrocurcumin, EO,Eugenol,Epiprocurcumenol;Eucalyptol;Eugenol;Feruloyl-p-coumaroyl-methane, Gamma-atlantone,Germacrone,Germacrone-13-al;Guaiacol, Isoborneol, L-alpha-curcumene, L-beta-curcumene, Limonene, Manganese, Monodesmethoxycurcumin, Niacin, Nickel,norbixin;O-coumaric-acid, P-coumaric-acid, P-cymene, P-methoxycinnamic-acid, P-tolymethylcarbinol,Phosphorus, Protocatechuic-acid,Procurcumadiol;10-diene;Resin, Riboflavin, Syringic-acid, Terpinene, Terpineol, Thiamin, Turmerone,turmerone A,turmerone B;Ukonan-a, Ukonan-b, Ukonan-c, Ukonan-d,(also named Utonan A,Utonan B,Utonan C,Utonan D);Vanillic-acid, Zingiberene
 

 Curcumin:note

 CAS Number 8024-37-1. Molecular formula C₂₁H₂₀O₆ Melting point 183 Deg C (361 K)
 Chemical structure name: (E,E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione

 Synonyms:C.I. Natural Yellow 3,Diferuloylmethane,Turmeric Yellow,8024-37-1,CCRIS 5804,Curcuma longa oils,Curcuma oil,Curcuma oil (Curcuma longa),CURCUMIN,FEMA No. 3085,FEMA No. 3086,Oil of turmeric,Oils,curcuma,Tumeric oleoresin,Turmeric,Turmeric extract,Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.),Turmeric oil,Turmeric oil (Curcuma longa L.),Turmeric oleoresin, Turmeric, oleoresin

Reference:

• 1.Turmeric Root or Curcuma Root,Phytochemicals and Applications.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:18th,Oct.2010.