Citrus aurantium and Synephrine.

Contents

• Basic Botanical Info:Citrus aurantium.
• Plant Descriptions:Citrus aurantium.
• Citrus aurantium Phytochemicals and Constituents.
• Historical or traditional use and Ethnobotany:worldwide uses of Citrus aurantium.
• Citrus aurantium Current Uses and Practice.
• Bitter Orange for Better Health.
• Bitter Orange for Weight Loss.
• Pharmacological and clinical research of Citrus aurantium.
• Citrus aurantium Administration guide and Applications.
• Research Update:Citrus aurantium.

Citrus aurantium Phytochemicals and Constituents.:

Bitter orange has a complex chemical makeup, though it is perhaps most known for the volatile oil in the peel. The familiar oily residue that appears after peeling citrus fruit, including bitter orange, is this volatile oil. It gives bitter orange its strong odor and flavor, and accounts for many of its medicinal effects. Besides the volatile oil, the peel contains flavones, the alkaloids synephrine, octopamine, and N-methyltyramine, and carotenoids.

 Main content: synephrine,C9H13NO2,0.24%~1.45%(g/g); N-methyltyramine,C9H13NO,0.19%~0.83%(g/g).

 Other Phytochemicals: neohesperidin;nobiletin;5-o-desmethyl nobiletin; quinoline; narcotin;noradrenline;tryptamine; tyramine; naringin; rhoifolin; lonicerin. Citrus sinensis Osbeck also contains hesperitin;naringenin;isosakuranetin;carotene; riboflavine; tengeretin; 3,5,6,7,8,3'4'-methoxyflavone. Fruit peel contains violatile oil composed of d-limonene; d-linaloo. N-acetyloctopamine;gamma-aminobutyric acid.


 Bitter orange peel contains a volatile oil with limonene (about 90%), flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, vitamin C, carotene, and pectin. The flavonoids have several useful properties, being anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal. The composition of the volatile oils in the leaves, flowers, and peel varies significantly. Linalyl acetate (50%) is the main constituent in oil from the leaves (petit grain), and linalool (35%) in oil from the flowers (neroli). The unripe fruit of the bitter orange contains cirantin, which reputedly is a contraceptive.

 Include: (+)-auraptenal,4-terpineol,5-hydroxyauranetin, acetaldehyde, acetic-acid, alpha-humulene, alpha-ionone, Alpha-phellandrene, Alpha-pinene, alpha-terpineol, Alpha-terpinyl-acetate,alpha-ylangene,ascorbic-acid, Aurantiamene, aurapten, Benzoic -Acid, Beta-copaene, Beta-elemene, Beta-ocimene, Beta-pinene, Butanol, Cadinene, Camphene, Caprinaldehyde, Carvone, Caryophyllene, Cinnamic-acid, Cis-ocimene, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellic-acid ,Citronellol, Cryptoxanthin,d-citronellic-acid, D-limonene, D-linalool,d-nerolidol, Decanal, Decylaldehyde, Decylpelargonate, delta-3-carene, Delta-cadinene, Dipentene, Dl-linalool, Dl-terpineol, Dodecanal, dodecen-2-al-(1), Duodeclyaldehyde, EO, Ethanol, Farnesol ,formic-acid, Furfurol, Gamma-elemene, Gamma-terpinene, Geranic-acid,geraniol, Geranyl-acetate, geranyl-oxide, Hesperidin, hexanol, Indole, Isolimonic-acid, Isoscutellarein, Isosinensetin, Isotetramethylether, L-linalool, L-linalylacetate, L-stachydrine,lauric-aldehyde, Limonene, Limonin, Linalool,linalyl-acetate, Malic-acid, Mannose, Methanol, Myrcene, Naringenin, Naringin, neral, nerol , Nerolidol, neryl-acetate ,Nobiletin, Nomilin, Nonanol, Nonylaldehyde, Nootkatone,octanol, Octyl-acetate, p-cymene, p-cymol, Palmitic- Acid, Pectin, Pelargonic-acid, Pentanol, Phellandrene, Phenol, Phenylacetic- Acid ,Pyrrol ,Pyrrole,rhoifolin, Sabinene, Sinensetin, Stachydrine, Tangeretin, Tannic-acid, Terpenyl-acetate, Terpinen-4-ol ,Terpinolene, Tetra-o-methyl- Scutellarein, Thymol,trans-hexen-2-al-1,trans-ocimene, Umbelliferone, Undecanal, Valencene, Violaxanthin

Reference:

• 1.Citrus aurantium and Synephrine.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:27th,Oct.2010.