Gromwell Root origins,application and research.

Contents

• Gromwell Root Botanical Info.
• Plant Description and Resource Condtions.
• Gromwell Root Identification.
• Constituents and Phytochemicals of Gromwell Root.
• Gromwell Root Preparation Method and Character Note.
• Archeology of Origin and Ancient Books Note:Gromwell Root.
• Gromwell Root Application and Administrations.
• Gromwell root Pharmacological Effects.
• Clinical Data and Report of Gromwell root applications.
• Research Update:Gromwell root.

Gromwell root Pharmacological Effects.:

1.Gromwell root shows antibacterial, antiviral activity.:

 Gromwell root and its active constituents shikonin, dimethyl pentene shikonin and other components, in vitro shows inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Ling bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bingmin test method identify its inhibition on a variety of fungi. . Gromwell root saline (10%) saps shows inhibition on Epidermophyton floccosum Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton wool-such as small skin fungal spores inhibited. In vitro, Gromwell root shikonin 0.25 mg/ml dose shows inhibition on influenza virus and JingKe-68 disease.

 Oral extract of 100 ml/kg shows inhibition effects on carrageenin induced edema in rats hind legs nearly the same as Phenylbutazone, shikonin and acetyl shikonin have the same anti-inflammatory effect.

 To accelerate the growth of epithelial and for the treatment of burns. Topical application can promote wound healing.Gromwell root combines with chinese angelica root to make Ziyun paste shows better effects than either single herbs of the two,paste can be used for facial psoriasis.Gromwell root water decoction have some effect on mice tuberculosis, but no effects in guinea pigs.


 2.Gromwell root on the cardiovascular system:

 Gromwell root decoction shows exciting effects on isolated toad heart and healthy heart of rabbits, causing the power and amplitude increased,heart rate slower. Ethanol extract shows contraction effects on isolated rabbit ears,frog hindlimb vascular, decoction test on the cats, rabbits, dogs shows that intravenous or intramuscular injection administration make 50% of the animals sharp decline in blood pressure, or even death.

 The impact of the circulatory system:Arnenia euchroma(Royle)Johnst. (bought from Taiyuan varieties Undetermined) root decoction shows obvious exciting effects on the heart of health rabbits and toads whole or in vitro heart, and the effect associated with alcium content in the decoction . Under general anesthesia or intravenous injection this decoction, enabling nearly half of the animals (rabbits, dogs, cats) sharp decline in blood pressure and even death, but not anesthesia or oral response to the absence of such serious cases. And not effects observed on the toad splanchnic vascular,rabbit hindlimb, isolated perfused rabbit ears.


 3.Gromwell root shows anti-fertility effect:

 Contraceptive effect:ethanol extract of Gromwell root 100 mg/100 grams, 30% Gromwell root powder mixed to feed animals can inhibit the rat estrous period, the pigment in the root is invalid to this purpose.

 Gromwell root from Yunnan 50% syrup,oral to mouse 1 month, could significantly inhibit their estrous period,recover back in 2 months after the withdrawal, and can inhibit the rate of mice birth ratio.

 Normal mice continuous oral Gromwell root two months, significantly reducing ovarian weight, uterine and pituitary slightly reduced, but other glands such as the thyroid and adrenal no effect on the weight.

 Gromwell root oil tincture works on the ovariectomized mice, vaginal smear not emerged keratinocytes, uterine weight is not increased,prove non-estrogen-like effects.

 Lithospermum erythrorhizon leaf extract of European origin can inhibit the secretion of pituitary and thyroid stimulating hormone gonadotropin secretion, and this affected not interfere with hormone synthesis, but its impact is on the release.

 Arnenia euchroma (Royle)Johnst,Gromwell root oral administration reduce mice fertility, and shows obvious anti-pituitary gonadotropin-villi and promoting the role of sex hormones, and Shikonin is clearly invalid on this purpose.

 50% alcohol saps of Gromwell root from oversea roadside can reduce mice fertility, prolong the normal mice estrus interval,re-injection or procuring sex hormone estrogen may cause estrus again; on the immature male or female mice, can cause genital, thymus, pituitary reduce weight, delayed growth and development, the most effective components in flowers, seeds, leaves, roots.

 Principle for its role in the suppression of the pituitary gonadotropin formation, in particular the suppression of the luteinizing hormone, it is also possible to direct the lost hormone activity.


 4.Antipyretic effect: Arnenia euchroma(Royle)Johnst root decoction shows a moderating role antipyretic on the rabbit,shows dis-constant exciting effects on isolated rabbit uterus and intestinal smooth muscle, oral decoction boost the tension and contraction of intestine strengthen, intravenous adminiatration has no such reaction.

 5.Anti-tumor effects: According to reports, Gromwell root have a certain effect on the chorionic carcinoma and malignant mole. Method used for screening, Gromwell root shows light inhibition on acute lymphoblastic leukemia is very mild effect. Gromwell root can reduce the incidence of spontaneous breast cancer of mice.

 6.Stop bleeding, promote coagulation: Gromwell root water and alcohol extract extract shows varying degrees of bleeding hemostatic effects on mice bleeding induced by tail cut. Shikonin and acetyl shikonin intraperitoneal injection to the animals do not affect the coagulation time, but to stop the anticoagulant heparin role. This role could antagonize coagulation inhibitor, such as the promotion of venous thrombosis.

 7.Gromwell root effects on the gastrointestinal smooth muscle: Gromwell root decoction can increase the tension in the rabbit small intestine or to shrink, and shikonin, acetyl shikonin when administrated at concentrations above 10-4g/ml, can make intestine relax, and shows antagonistic acetylcholine and histamine, angiotensin and other substances with property of intestinal contraction.

 8.Hypoglycemic effect: Gromwell root polysaccharide A, B, C, shows hypoglycemic effect. Lithospermum erythrorhizon leaf extract decrease blood sugar of rabbits,increase tension of guinea pig intestine,no diuretic effects on rat.

 9.Liver Protection: Gromwell root shows liver protection effects.

 10.Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy effect: Gromwell root shows anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy effect.

Reference:

• 1.Gromwell Root origins,application and research.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:27th,Oct.2010.