Stemona root or Radix Stemonae,Stemona sessilifolia Miq. applications and characters.

Contents

• Botanical Info of Stemona root.
• Plant Descriptions:Stemona sessilifolia and Its relatives.
• Collection,Identification and Preparations of Stemona Root.
• Constituents and Phytochemicals:Stemona Roots.
• Stemona Roots Pharmacological Effects.
• Archeology and Variety Identifications:Stemona Roots.
• Stemona Roots Administrations and Suggestions.
• Clinical Applications:Stemona Roots.
• Research Update:Stemona root.

Collection,Identification and Preparations of Stemona Root.:

Collection: Collecting in 2 to 3 years after transplanting. Dig out in spring and autumn,remove fine root, soil, in boiling water briefly till core becoming white, dried or drying in the sun. Cut into thick pieces or use freshly.

 Identification of Raw Herb:

 Commercial grade: Stemona root commercial grade classified as Zhi Li Bai Bu(root of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch.et Sav.),Wan Sheng Bai Bu (root of Stemona japonica Bl. Miq.),Dui Ye Bai Bu (root of Stemona tuberosa Lour.),all these 3 kinds has smaller size and bigger size grade available.Fujian, Guizhou, Henan, Guangxi origins bigger,Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui, Zhejiang origins smaller.


 Characters Identification

 Zhi Li Bai Bu(root of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch.et Sav.),Wan Sheng Bai Bu (root of Stemona japonica Bl. Miq.) root slightly spindle tuber, straight or slightly curved at both ends of small, about 4-18 cm diameter of about 1 cm. Surface soil yellow-white to yellow, very wrinkled, with irregular longitudinal groove and the deep vertical wrinkles. Quality hard, easy break. Section microstrip horny, white light yellow to dark brown, multi-centre flat reduction. Micro-gas, then bitter sweet taste first. A sturdy fat Run, a solid, color, preferably white. Main available from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places; Other origins from Jiangxi, Henan and Hubei, Sichuan.

 Dui Ye Bai Bu (root of Stemona tuberosa Lour.) coarse roots, about 12 to 25 centimeters, a diameter of about 1 to 2 cm, shallow vertical wrinkles. Of the harder. Micro-fracture was horny-shaped, the center-white. A fat, yellow-white to color better. Main available from Hubei, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, and other places; In addition, Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan and Guizhou in parts of Fujian and Taiwan, also available.
 

 Microscopic identification of root segment:

 (1)Zhi Li Bai Bu(root of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch.et Sav.):root out the category for 3-4 polygonal cells, and the wall of wood friedelin, a dense fine stripes. Broad cortex, the cortical cells neat, thin-walled cells containing calcium oxalate some needle crystal; faintly visible in the cortex cells Casparian point. Column in the sheath for the 1-2 series parenchyma cells. Beam column in the phloem and xylem bundles of 19-27, phase alignment; phloem beam inside a single beam or 2-3% of the non-wood fibers; xylem beam with a catheter 2-5. And a small number of wood fiber and tracheid, catheter polygon, or the occasional single tied 2-3 in Suibu depth of the outer catheter, a two-shaped array. Root marrow casual or 2-3 with a single beam into small fibers.

 (2)Wan Sheng Bai Bu (root of Stemona japonica Bl. Miq.):root cells were 3-6; phloem wood fiber; Suibu catheter usually in-depth, and for lateral beam catheter 2-3 round-shaped array.

 (3)Dui Ye Bai Bu (root of Stemona tuberosa Lour.): root cells was about three, strong wood of the wall, there were no fine stripes, the most of the cells lining the inner wall thick; casual fibrous outer edge of the cortex, a square type, or non-wood wall-wood; phloem Beam 36-40; xylem catheter round polygon, and wood fiber and wood and wood-parenchyma cells even ring layer; Root marrow fiber less often in a single casual.

 

 Powder characteristics:

 Zhi Li Bai Bu(root of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch.et Sav.):color grey yellow.(1).root cells was colorless or yellowish brown. Surface of a long rectangular or polygonal, and the wall of wood friedelin, the dense wall are interwoven fine stripes.(2).bordered pits 16-80 um in diameter catheter, the catheter-wall elements often overseas, a long trapezoid perforated plate, with a margin of pits, some horizontal and extended several connections. (3).within the cell surface of the cortex was rectangular, about the diameter to 24 um and the wall thicker, vertical wall wavy or small spiral bending and lateral wall straight, non-wood or wood-of. (4).wood fibers longer, 12-24 um in diameter, wall Shaohou, wood, a single-hole or a margin of denim pits, profiling orifice or cruciform shaped intersection adults. (5). catheter adjacent rectangular wooden parenchyma cells, close-end wall, a few slightly tilted or end gradually sharpening, 22-35 um in diameter, larger round-pits. (6).crystallization of calcium oxalate needles less often irregular filled in the parenchyma cells very small minority of about 60 um thick, about 5 um in diameter, it is fine columnar.

 Wan Sheng Bai Bu (root of Stemona japonica Bl. Miq.):the root powder characteristics and similar as root of Stemona sessilifolia(Miq.)Franch.et Sav.. However, a larger margin pits catheter, 64-136 um in diameter; wood fiber diameter to 32 um; difficult to detect calcium oxalate crystal needle.

 Dui Ye Bai Bu (root of Stemona tuberosa Lour.): (1).many starch grains, clam-shaped, screw-shaped fan, Bangchui shape, kidney-shaped, oval, or irregular in shape, most rugged edge, 5-52 um in diameter in length to 75 um, the hot cooking processing of commodities, most of gelatinization. (2). root of the cell surface of polygonal wall Shaohou, wood, a dense fine stripes. (3).cortical fiber slender, slightly bent, while slightly dentate prominent, 16-54 um in diameter, wall thickness 5-15 um, non-wood, pits and holes can detect dual groove see.


 Physical and chemical identification

 (1) 80% ethanol extract of stemona root, steamed to ethanol, plus residual liquid ammonia regulation Qh to 10-11 with chloroform extraction, liquid chloroform after braizing then added 1% hydrochloric acid solution, filtration. Filtrate two share, a iodization of bismuth potassium test solution, have orange-red precipitation; another dropping silicotungstic acid test solution, a white precipitate. (Check alkaloids)

 (2) TLC,the powder 0.5 g, n-butyl alcohol water saturation of 50 ml, placed overnight, then ultrasonic extraction 20 min, the supernatant from decompression braizing dry, and 1 ml of methanol solution for the sample solution. Another take on the base of the 100 and 100, the original base of 1 mg, respectively 1 ml methanol, dissolved, the solution for reference substance. In the silica gel G-CMC plate, respectively points above the 10 ul solution to chloroform - ether - methanol (10:2:1) for the launch of, the SPD 10 cm from the hood dry. Bismuth potassium iodide spray improved color test solution. Chromatography samples and reference substance in the corresponding location on chromatography, the same colour in the spots.
 

 Preparation Methods:

 Stemona Root: clean residues,cut off fiber roots,wash,cut into segments,dry in the sun.

 Honey Preparation:cut into stemona root segments,add bee honey (every 50 kgs root segments with 6.4kg honey),with some boiling water,mixed into equlibrium,wait till honey absorped by root,put into pot and fried till color light yellow and no sticky,take out,cool.

 Licorice Preparation:take some licorice boiling in water,add stemona root segment,then take out and dry in the sun,every 100 kgs stemona root segments with licorice root 8kgs.

 Fry Preparation: take stemona root and fried with slow fire till color light yellow.

Reference:

• 1.Stemona root or Radix Stemonae,Stemona sessilifolia Miq. applications and characters.

This article written and edited via herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional. They run a range of online descriptions about this herb,including general information related and summarized updating discoveries from findings of professional scientisits this field related.Describe style aimed to form a useful detecting literature space where the intertwined threshold and related questions raise out and visualize themselves.

♣ last edit date:27th,Oct.2010.